Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that causes the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, to thin and bulge into a cone shape. This can cause blurred vision, double vision, and sensitivity to light and glare. Keratoconus typically develops during adolescence and young adulthood, and it can progress for several years before stabilizing.
The most common symptoms of keratoconus include:
The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Keratoconus is more common in people with certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. It may also be associated with allergies, eye rubbing, and certain medications.
There is no cure for keratoconus, but there are treatments available to slow its progression and improve vision. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition.
Early-stage keratoconus can often be treated with corrective eyeglasses or soft contact lenses. However, as the cornea changes shape, people with keratoconus may need to change their prescription frequently.
More advanced keratoconus may require rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. RGP lenses are specially designed to fit the irregular shape of the cornea and provide sharper vision.
Corneal cross-linking is a surgical procedure that strengthens the cornea and can help to slow or stop the progression of keratoconus.
In severe cases of keratoconus, a corneal transplant surgery may be necessary. Corneal transplant surgery involves replacing the diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a donor.
If you think you may have keratoconus, it is important to see an eye doctor for a comprehensive eye exam. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to preserve your vision.